Details of Maldives Plume Plotter

This page should be read in conjunction with How Plume Plotter Works. It provides more details specific to the Maldives version of Plume Plotter.

Stacks and buildings

Building measurements are taken from aerial photographs (layout) and local information (height).

The image below shows the layout of the stack and building modelled. North is at the top; colours and numbers indicate the height of the buildings and the stack:

Stack measurements

These are taken from [1]:

Stack location: 5.53210,73.04501.
Stack height: 22.5 m.
Stack diameter: 0.5 m.
Stack gas exit velocity: 13 m/s.
Stack gas temperature: 150 °C.

The following values are used for albedo, Bowen ratio and roughness length. None of these are specified in [1]:

Albedo: 0.06.
Bowen ratio: 0.1.
Roughness length: 0.0001.

Emissions

The emission rates of pollutants are taken from [1]:

Pollutant	Emission rate per second
Oxides of nitrogen	830 mg
Sulphur dioxide	790 mg
Particulates TSP	170 mg
Particulates PM10	130 mg
Dioxins and furans	13.9 ng

Background levels

The background levels of pollutants are taken from [1]:

Pollutant	Background concentration per m³
Oxides of nitrogen	10 μg
Sulphur dioxide	5 μg
Particulates TSP	15 μg
Particulates PM10	15 μg
Dioxins and furans	10 ng

Weather data

Weather data is taken from METAR reports from a local airport: Male.

Upper air data is the latest reported by the Chennai International Airport upper air station.

References

1. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment For North Regional Waste Management Facility Construction and Operation, Vandhoo, Raa Atoll, Maldives. Ministry of Environment and Energy. August 2013.